Inadequate control of lupus nephritis may potentially result to end-stage renal disease due to irreversible damage of the kidneys. This reflects one of the problems of failed clinical trials in patients with SLE: failure to suppress one specific SLE manifestation, such as lupus nephritis, may not exclude encouraging outcomes for some other aspects of the disease, such as hematological, mucocutaneous, or articular involvement. Rituximab (RTX) causing B cell depletion can also be administered according to the ACR and EULAR guidelines in refractory lupus nephritis despite failed clinical trials, and is often used off-label for other manifestations as well, based on the encouraging results of diverse studies. Among them, only belimumab that inhibits B cell survival has been approved for patients with SLE and SLE-related nephritis. An eminent direct or indirect target of novel therapeutic approaches has been the lupus B cell ( 2– 4). Patients suffering from SLE are typically treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents ( 1). Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an astonishing heterogeneous multisystem autoimmune disease with a quite unpredictable outcome.
#LUPUS MEDICATION TRIAL#
It is encouraging that a variety of therapeutic options are currently under investigation, although there are occasional trial failures.
Despite the existence of several therapeutic agents in SLE, the disease keeps causing significant morbidity. We will put emphasis on studies evaluating potential treatments on severe lupus manifestations such as lupus nephritis. The aim of this review is to summarize data on SLE treatment that have emerged over the last 3 years. There is an ongoing and unmet need for novel, disease-specific, effective and safe treatment modalities. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune multisystem disease with a variable presentation and manifestations ranging from mild to severe or even life-threatening. 2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece.1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Patras University Hospital, Patras, Greece.
Stamatis Nick Liossis 1,2 * and Chrysanthi Staveri 1
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